Energy storage systems are systems used to store excess electrical energy generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind, for later use. These systems can help balance energy demand and supply, improve energy efficiency, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Energy storage systems can be classified into different categories, including chemical (e.g. batteries), mechanical (e.g. pumped hydro), thermal (e.g. molten salt), and electrostatic (e.g. capacitors). The selection of a specific storage system depends on several factors, including the desired power and energy capacity, efficiency, cost, and environmental impact.

Insulation monitors and residual current monitors are critical components of energy storage systems to prevent fire hazards. Insulation faults, such as breakdown or degradation, can cause electrical arcing, sparking, and overheating, potentially leading to fire incidents. To avoid these hazards, insulation monitoring systems continuously monitor the insulation resistance of energy storage devices and alert operators in case of any abnormal changes. These systems also provide real-time data and historical records, which can be used to analyze insulation performance and predict potential failures. Effective insulation monitoring helps ensure the safety and reliability of energy storage systems and protects against fire hazards.

Residual current monitoring systems continuously monitor the flow of residual current in energy storage devices and trigger alarms or shut down the system in case of excessive residual current, which can indicate an electrical fault and potential fire hazard. These systems play a vital role in ensuring the safety and reliability of energy storage systems and protecting against fire incidents.